Other versions:

(Verbatim name)

ID

(Catalog Number)

ORG

DES

Invalid DOI was provided, please try again

XML
PDF
Bluesky
Twitter
Facebook
Telegram
Mendeley
Reddit
Notify a colleague
  • ContentsContents
  • Article InfoArticle Info
  • CiteCite
  • MetricsMetrics
  • CommentComment
  • RelatedRelated
  • FigsFigs
  • TabsTabs
  • DataData
  • RefsRefs
  • CitedCited
  • Article title
  • Abstract
  • Key words
  • Introduction
  • Study area
    • Geological and hydrogeological context
  • Methodology
    • Physicochemical parameters
    • Hydrochemical indices used to evaluate seawater intrusion
      • Chloride to sodium ratio (Cl–/Na+)
      • Magnesium hazard (MH)
      • Permeability index (PI)
      • Kelly’s ratio (KR)
      • Residual sodium carbonate (RSC)
      • Base Exchange Index (BEX)
      • Chlorinity index (CI)
    • Statistical analysis
      • Normality assessment and test selection
      • Inter-zone comparison tests
    • Correlation analysis
    • Principal component analysis
  • Results and discussion
    • Spatial patterns in groundwater quality: counter-gradient coastal-inland distribution
      • Unexpected pH distribution
      • Salinity decline toward inland
      • Major ion distributions reveal dual contamination sources
    • Statistical confirmation of spatial zonation
    • Hydrochemical evidence for anomalous inland intensification: index analysis reveals subsurface seawater delivery
      • Chloride-to-sodium ratio: progressive approach to seawater stoichiometry
    • Multivariate analysis reveals statistical evidence for dual-process control
      • PC1: component interpreted as predominantly representing conservative seawater mixing
      • PC2: component predominantly associated with cation-exchange processes
      • Process contribution quantification: exchange intensifies inland
      • Biplot analysis illustrates spatial separation
    • Correlation analysis results
    • Hydrochemical facies evolution documents spatial inversion
      • Core Zone: mixed facies with sulfate enrichment
      • Mid Zone: transitional Na-Cl facies
      • Outer Zone: Na-Cl seawater-type facies
      • Facies evolution trajectory confirms inverted pattern
    • Irrigation suitability assessment: the freshening-contamination paradox
      • Conventional indices indicate suitability
      • Kelly’s Ratio reveals universal sodium hazard
      • Zone-specific suitability patterns
      • Spatial distribution of irrigation risk
  • Discussion
    • The reversed hydrochemical gradient: a clear deviation from the conservative mixing paradigm
    • The dual-process engine: mixing and exchange
    • The freshening-contamination paradox and its global relevance
    • Implications for monitoring and management
    • Candidate subsurface mechanisms
    • Limitations and future directions
  • Conclusion
  • References
  • Additional information
    • Conflict of interest
    • Ethical statement
    • Artificial Intelligence (AI) use
    • Funding
    • Author contributions
    • Author ORCIDs
    • Data availability
  • Supplementary material
Subscribe to email alerts for current Article's categories
Powered by